Designers of instruments or control systems often find that component performance limits overall equipment performance in areas such as stability, frequency response, noise, and ESD. This is ...

The classic low-current technique is the “up-in-the-air” wiring technique, where leads of the components in the critical path or circuit node are soldered together above the board. These component ...

Measuring dynamic currents with an oscilloscope is challenging, but this updated differential current probe makes it simple ...

Download this article in PDF format. Determining the resistor values and assuring performance of the circuit associated with a photocoupler (also called an optocoupler or optoisolator) is simple in ...

All circuits, analog or digital, have characteristics dependent on the values of their component parts. Invariably, these parts are non-ideal in many ways. Even their most fundamental characteristics, ...

Op amps excel at providing many useful and clever solutions to routine or complicated circuit functions. A summing circuit is a perfect example. A summing circuit is typically used in applications ...