Driven by osmotic pressure, thermodynamic constraints, and system losses, desalination remains an energy-intensive process ...

MENA holds 46% of global desalination capacity. Water demand could rise 20%–50% by 2050. Desalination costs have fallen below $1 per cubic meter. Energy still makes up to 75% of operating costs.

In May 2022, California officials unanimously rejected a plan to build a $1.4 billion desalination plant in Huntington Beach. The plant, the officials said, would produce costly water and possibly ...

Electrochemical desalination technologies represent a rapidly evolving field that utilises the principles of electrochemistry to extract ionic contaminants from water. Central to these technologies is ...