Inside every smartphone, smartwatch, and medical sensor, a thin green slab quietly dominates the device’s climate impact. Researchers now warn that the printed circuit boards tying our chips together ...

Printed-circuit boards (PC boards or PCBs) are literally the foundation of many of our electronic products. These copper-clad boards – often but not always using glass-epoxy FR-4 substrate, but ...

Tossed circuit boards are about 20% copper, a much larger fraction than the roughly half a percent in copper ore mined from the ground. That percentage, plus the growing mounds of global electronic ...