During the Cold War, the Soviet Union secretly built its own space shuttle to rival America’s NASA program. Called Buran, it ...

Embark on a journey to the heart of Kazakhstan's Baikonur Cosmodrome, where the remnants of the Soviet Union's Buran space shuttle program lie in silent testimony to a once-vibrant era of space ...

"I believe that [Apollo program director George Low] certainly was concerned, and rightly so, that we could have orbited the moon ahead of the Americans. We had everything for it. That is why he ...

Could the moon landing have been an international program? Roger D. Launius President John F. Kennedy and Chairman Nikita Khrushchev during their meeting in Vienna, Austria. National Archives and ...

Introduction: Multiple perspectives on Soviet space history -- Commanding officer Abram Krayzman -- Construction engineer Sergey Safro -- Engine designer Anatoliy Daron -- Guidance engineer Sergei ...

The USSR’s ambitious Mars mission was initially planned to launch in 1975, but it was never executed. During the Cold War, significant advancements occurred in the fields of science and technology as ...

Kosmos-482, a spacecraft bound for Venus in 1972, was a time capsule from the Cold War when superpowers had broad ambitions for exploring the solar system. A cutaway diagram of the Venera 8 landing ...

That’s where the USSR’s Heavy Interplanetary Vessel (TMK) comes into the picture. Conceived during the height of the Space Race of the Cold War, the TMK program endeavored to send crewed missions to ...