Do you know what debris is knocked off during hot forging? It is iron oxide (oxide scale) formed by the reaction of iron with air. The higher the temperature and the more thorough the contact with air, the faster it forms. The forging temperatures for different types of carbon steel vary: 900-1200℃ for low-carbon steel, 800-1150℃ for medium carbon steel (to prevent decarburization), and 800-1100℃ for high carbon steel (to prevent cracking). Precise temperature control is due to the fact that at